Modern Decision-Making Tools: Expert Systems and Decision Support Systems

The integration of Decision Support Systems (DSS) and Expert Systems (ES) has significantly enhanced managerial decision-making and knowledge preservation in modern organisations. This paper explores the evolution of these systems, from the early 1970s to the development of Framework-Based Expert Systems in the late 1980s. It highlights the role of ES in capturing and applying expert knowledge to solve complex problems. The chapter also discusses the characteristics and components of DSS, categorising them into knowledge-driven, document-driven, data-driven, communications-driven, and model-driven systems. Additionally, it outlines the importance of Management Information Systems (MIS) in supporting organisational operations and decision-making processes. By examining the synergies between DSS, ES, and MIS, this paper underscores their collective impact on strategic planning and operational efficiency. The conclusion emphasises the necessity for organisations to leverage these systems to optimise operations, foster innovation, and ensure sustainability in a dynamic business environment.